Map South Asia

Pre-Colonization: Religious Fighting

South Asia is a culturally rich region that is home to many different religious groups, most notably Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic people. Throughout ancient history, these three groups struggle for geographic and cultural control of various countries, resulting in many conflicts and wars.

Mid 1400s: Trade with Europe

A new sea route between India and Europe is discovered. European countries quickly set up trading posts in Southeast Asia, which is rich in natural resources. Portugal is first to arrive, followed by the Dutch, British and French.

1600s: Britain Arrives

India grants special trading rights to Britain. The British become more and more influential in India and in surrounding countries, including Sri Lanka. A large British military presence develops in the region.

Mid 1800s: British Colonial Era

Britain assumes total control of India and takes over the government. Indian people start to fight against British rule, but aren’t successful.

Early 1900s: Indian Independence Movement

The Indian independence movement begins, led by Mohandas (Mahatma) Ghandi, a believer in non-violent protest.

1947: India Independence Achieved

India becomes independent. The mostly-Muslim part of the country becomes Pakistan, which causes massive migration of people and many years of war.

1948: Sri Lankan Independence

Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) becomes independent from Britain.

Mid 1900s to Present: Civil War

Religious and cultural groups within South Asian countries continue to struggle for power. In Sri Lanka, Tamil and Sinhalese groups are still fighting a bloody war that has gone on for more than two decades.